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Click to read: Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology 2007; 15(2)
Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology 2008; 16(1):
CO Imarengiaye, MBBS, FWACS, FMCA, FICS; SA Adamu, MBBS, FMCA; T Isesele, MBBS, DA;S O Tudjegbe,MBBS, FMCA.
Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
SUMMARY
Objectives: To study the pattern of anaesthesia for ophthalmic procedures in order to improve the scheduling of cases in the ophthalmic operating room.
Methods: The surgical register of the operating room from August 01, 1999 to July 31, 2004 was examined, to document the types of procedure, timing of surgery (elective or emergency), methods of anaesthesia, and involvement of anaesthesia personnel.
Results: A total of 970 patients (506 males, 464 females) had ophthalmic surgery in the five-year period under review.General anaesthesia was employed for 119 (12.3%) patients and regional anaesthesia for 851 (87.7%). 400 patients had their procedures on ambulatory basis (LA = 397,GA = 3). Local blocks were the favoured technique for both the outpatient and inpatient settings. Cataract extraction, repair of corneal/scleral/conjunctival/lid lacerations, excision biopsy, trabeculectomy and evisceration were the leading indications.General anaesthesia was the more commonly employed anaesthetic technique in younger patients and for emergency ophthalmic procedures. The general anaesthesia was administered by the registrar and senior registrar grades of anaesthetists.
Conclusion: The study shows that the use of general anaesthesia appeared largely restricted to paediatric patients and emergency situations. However, evolving techniques – like sub-tenon block, total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA),monitored anaesthesia care – should be encouraged.
Key words: ophthalmic anaesthesia, paediatric anaesthesia,regional blocks, outcome.
Tunji S Oluleye.Vitreo-retinal Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Age-related macular degeneration, which was once thought to be a disease mainly found in Caucasian populations in Europe and America, is now also appearing more frequently among non-white populations in the developing world. Ophthalmic practitioners should be aware of this. This paper reviews current concepts in the pathogenesis and management of age related macular degeneration as found in Pubmed journals over the past ten years with a view to recommending optimal treatment regimes for African populations.
Key words: age-related macular degeneration,pathogenesis, genetics, management, antiVEGF.
IR Azonobi MBBS, FMCOph; FO Olatunji MBBS, FMCOph, FICS; J Adido MBBS, FMCOph,FICS; OO Osayande MBBS, FMCOph
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the visual pattern of strabismic children.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among primary school children in Ilorin South Local Government Area. A cluster random sampling technique was used to select the subjects for this study. The pattern of vision of children found to have ocular misalignment was studied.
Results: A total of 7288 school children were screened and this yielded 22 cases of esotropia and 10 cases of exotropia. Their ages ranged from 2 to 16 years; 78.1% of the study group had normal vision; 3.1% had low vision and another 3.1% was blind. Eight-two per cent (82%) of the children with esotropia had normal vision, while 4.5% were blind; 70% of the children with exotropia had normal vision; 10% of exotropics had low vision. Twenty-five per cent(25%) of the strabismic population was amblyopic, and the majority of the cases of amblyopia (62.5%) were associated with esotropia.The prevalence of strabismic amblyopia was found to be 0.11%.
Conclusion: The majority of strabismic children had normal vision. The prevalence of low vision and blindness was low.The prevalence of strabismic amblyopia was also low in the study population and most of it was associated with esotropia.
Key words: esotropia, exotropia, amblyopia, children, Nigeria.
ME Enock,1 AE Omoti,2 UC Fuh, 1 AA Alikah1
1rrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State , Nigeria, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
SUMMARY.
Objective: To determine the reasons for removal of the eye at the Irrua Specialist Teaching hospital, Irrua, Edo State, southern Nigeria.
Method: A retrospective study of all cases of enucleation and evisceration carried out over a 10-year period – July 1997 to June 2007 – at the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital. Data from theatre records and case notes were analysed with respect to age, sex, interval between onset of symptoms and presentation, indications for surgery and type of surgery done.
Results: A total of 42 patients had enucleation or evisceration during the period, accounting for 6.96% of all ophthalmic surgeries (603) over the same period. Eight eyes were enucleated (19.05%) and 34 eyes were eviscerated (80.95%).There were 21 males (50%) and 21 females (50%). The mostcommon reason for removal of the eye was a ruptured globe secondary to severe ocular trauma (35.71%). This was followed by panophthalmitis (26.19%) and intraocular tumours (9.52%). Forty patients (95.2%) presented after one week of onset of ocular lesions; 20(47.6%) had used traditional eye medication, and 4 (9.5%) had used eye drops containing corticosteroids.
Conclusion: Health education programmes aimed at increasing public awareness on dangers of self medication, the use of native medication and the need to present early to hospital are highly recommended. Also, protective goggles and helmets with plastic facial coverings are recommended for workers who are at risk for eye trauma.
Key words: eye, enucleation, evisceration, Nigeria.
T.O Otulana, OO Onabolu, VO Fafiolu.Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo,University, Sagamu
ABSTRACT
A 69-year-old woman was seen in the eye clinic of the Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital [OOUTH], Sagamu,south-west Nigeria, with irritation in the right eye due to a vascular nasal pterygium, but asymptomatic in her left eye.Examination revealed dilated and tortuous conjunctival and episcleral vessels in her left eye with no apparent cause. She later developed secondary glaucoma in that eye. A diagnosis of left idiopathic dilated episcleral vein with secondary open angle glaucoma [Radius Maumenee syndrome] was made. She was treated both medically and surgically. This rare case in an African woman is presented in order to highlight the possibility of secondary vascular glaucoma in a patient with chronic redness of the eye without symptoms of discomfort or allergy.
Key words: idiopathic, dilated episcleral veins, secondary glaucoma, Nigeria
BJ Adekoya MBBS, FMCOphth, FWACS
Department of Ophthalmology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
SUMMARY.
Aim: To report a case of cataract and retinal detachment following an electrical injury in an adult Nigerian male.
Case report: A 28-year-old man presented with a history of progressive and painless loss of vision in the right eye,three years after an electric shock injury. There was no history of mechanical trauma. Examination and investigations revealed a mature cataract and retinal detachment in the right eye. He subsequently had an uneventful cataract surgery with expected poor prognosis, secondary to the retinal detachment.
Conclusion: This case highlights two ocular complications (one common and one uncommon) following an electrical injury. A high index of suspicion and awareness of the likelihood of these complications may increase diagnostic accuracy, especially in cases of presenile cataracts with no apparent cause.
Key words: electrical injury, presenile cataract, retinal detachment.
E Samaila, T Ndife, AF Mahmud-Ajeigbe.
Department of Ophthalmology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria
SUMMARY
This case report appears to be first reported incident of Lebers congenital amaurosis in three siblings in Kaduna State.Genetic issues, clinical presentation, counselling, treatment and future progression of this irreversible blinding condition are discussed.
Key words: Lebers amaurosis, retinitis pigmentosa, Kaduna,Nigeria.
Sebastian N N Nwosu. Guinness Eye Center, Onitsha, Nigeria.
SUMMARY.
Objectives: To determine the pattern and risk factors for retinal vein occlusion at the Guinness Eye Center, Onitsha,Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: Case files of all patients with retinal vein occlusion between May 1997 and April 2004 were reviewed. Information on age, sex, visual acuity, ocular complications and associated risk factors were abstracted into a standard proforma and analysed.
Results: 45 patients (48 eyes) were seen with a mean age of 58 years; range - 41-77 years. There were 16 (35.6%) male patients and 29(64.4%) female patients. Thirty-eight (84.4%) patients (40 eyes) had central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), 7 (15.6%) patients (8 eyes) had branch vein occlusion (BRVO), and 29 (60.4%) eyes (all CRVO) had ischaemic vein occlusion. Twenty-eight (58.3%) eyes were blind, while 18 (37.5%) had visual impairment.Twenty-five (55.6%) patients had hypertension, 10 (22.2%) were diabetic and 10 (22.2%) had glaucoma.
Conclusions: Retinal vein occlusion is an important retinal vascular disease that causes visual loss. The incidence of the disease could be reduced if the associated risk factors were detected and treated early. A prospective study was carried out to clearly identify the modifiable risk factors for the disease in our environment.
Key words: retinal vein occlusion, incidence, pattern, risk factors, Nigeria
Click to read: Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology 2007; 15(2)
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